Green Mountain Peaks

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Local culture, season adventures, small towns,
and the honest side of life in the Green Mountains

Category: History & Politics of Vermont

Explore the unique history and political culture of Vermont. From its founding ideals to modern-day legislation, this category covers key moments, people, and policies that shaped the Green Mountain State.

  • The Hidden History of Smugglers’ Notch: Bootleggers, the Embargo Act, and Vermont’s Most Rebellious Pass

    The Hidden History of Smugglers’ Notch: Bootleggers, the Embargo Act, and Vermont’s Most Rebellious Pass

    Tucked between the towering cliffs of Mount Mansfield and Spruce Peak lies one of Vermont’s most breathtaking drives and most legendary mountain passes: Smugglers’ Notch. Today, it’s known for jaw-dropping foliage, rugged hiking trails, and world-class skiing. But for those who pause long enough to look beyond the scenic views, the Notch has a far more rebellious past.

    For over two centuries, Smugglers’ Notch has lived up to its name, offering refuge to bootleggers, smugglers, and secretive travelers who knew exactly how to navigate its shadowy caves and narrow paths. From clandestine trade with Canada during Jefferson’s embargo to liquor runs during Prohibition, this natural corridor has hidden more than just wildlife.

    I’ve always seen the Notch as more than a pretty place. Its story is one of resistance, survival, and ingenuity. So let’s take a trip back in time and uncover the secrets that shaped Smugglers’ Notch.

    A winding road surrounded by trees displaying autumn colors, with fallen leaves and rocky patches along the sides.
    Scenic Route VT 108/Smugglers’ Notch – Autumn 2024

    What Makes Smugglers’ Notch So Perfect for Secrets?

    Before we dive into the smuggling tales, it helps to understand why this mountain pass was such a magnet for outlaws and traders.

    Smugglers’ Notch is a narrow passage in Lamoille County, just south of Jeffersonville and north of Stowe. It carves through Vermont’s highest peaks, with sheer rock walls that close in tightly around the road. Dense forests blanket the sides, and natural caves dot the landscape.

    In the early 1800s, there was no paved road here. What existed was little more than a rugged path. No matter the time period, Smugglers’ Notch has always been:

    • Hard to access
    • Easy to hide in
    • Difficult to patrol

    For those looking to move people or goods in secret, it offered the perfect setting.

    Trading in Defiance: Smuggling During the Embargo Act

    Our first stop on the timeline takes us to the early 1800s. President Thomas Jefferson passed the Embargo Act of 1807, effectively banning American trade with foreign nations. The goal was to punish Britain and France during the Napoleonic Wars. The result, however, was economic disaster for Vermont.

    Vermonters were used to doing business with their Canadian neighbors. Suddenly, that relationship was cut off by federal law. But Vermonters are nothing if not resourceful. Instead of sitting back, many turned to the Notch.

    Goods like:

    • Livestock
    • Timber
    • Furs
    • Whiskey
    • Canadian products like sugar and tea

    were packed on mule trains and slipped across the Canadian border under cover of darkness. The narrow trails through Smugglers’ Notch became a lifeline for the local economy.

    Many smugglers knew the caves by heart. They’d stash goods in the rock formations while waiting for the perfect moment to move them further south. Federal agents tried to crack down, but Vermont’s rough terrain and locals’ silence kept the trade alive.

    The Whisper of Freedom: Escaped Slaves and the Underground Railroad

    While less documented than other chapters, some local legends and oral histories suggest that Smugglers’ Notch may have served as a route for escaped slaves traveling north to freedom.

    Vermont abolished slavery in its 1777 constitution and was a stronghold of abolitionist sentiment. The geography of the state provided natural corridors for those making the journey to Canada. While most documented Underground Railroad activity in Vermont happened farther south and west, the remote and hard-to-monitor nature of the Notch raises the possibility that it offered a secondary escape route.

    Freedom seekers would have found protection in the same caves used by smugglers. Locals sympathetic to their cause may have passed along food, clothing, or directions. Whether used frequently or occasionally, this part of the Notch’s story speaks to Vermont’s long-standing role in resisting oppression.

    Booze, Bootleggers, and the Prohibition Era

    Fast forward to the 1920s, and Smugglers’ Notch earns its name all over again.

    Prohibition swept across the United States from 1920 to 1933, outlawing the production, importation, and sale of alcohol. Canada, however, had no such ban. So naturally, Vermonters saw opportunity.

    Liquor was purchased across the border and funneled through mountain passes like the Notch. The caves that once held furs or livestock now became storage units for Canadian whiskey. Bootleggers moved by foot, mule, or sleigh, depending on the season.

    Here’s what made the Notch ideal during Prohibition:

    • Limited access roads meant fewer law enforcement patrols
    • Local support from farmers and business owners
    • Countless hiding places in boulders, caves, and forests
    A view from inside a rocky cave, showing large boulders and a narrow opening at the top with light shining through.
    One of the many caves of Smugglers’ Notch

    Some stories tell of sleds with false bottoms, filled with booze and hay. Others mention tunnel systems beneath barns and taverns. One particularly popular tale describes a “phantom wagon” that would appear on moonlit nights, its driver cloaked and silent as he guided a load of barrels into the trees.

    Whether these stories are exaggerated or not, one thing is clear: the liquor flowed, and the Notch kept its secrets.

    Caves, Tunnels, and Tales Too Good to Be True

    Smugglers’ Notch is full of caves and crevices, many of which have names like Elephant’s Head and Bear’s Den. Some are accessible from trails. Others are harder to find unless you know exactly where to look.

    Over the decades, these natural features have attracted more than hikers. According to local lore, they’ve been used to:

    • Store contraband
    • Hide fugitives
    • Conduct secret meetings
    • Escape from pursuing agents

    Some believe there are still hidden stashes buried deep in the rock. Others speak of ghosts that haunt the Notch, especially after nightfall. These stories may not always be backed by documents, but they’ve become part of the culture surrounding the area.

    I believe legends often grow from seeds of truth. The terrain absolutely could support this kind of activity. Whether a particular cave held whiskey or not, the setting certainly lends itself to mystery.

    The Law vs. the Landscape

    So where were the authorities during all this?

    The answer lies in a mix of geography, logistics, and quiet resistance. In the 1800s and early 1900s, law enforcement had few resources to spare for the mountain wilderness. There were no drones, no GPS, and few roads. A determined smuggler on foot had the upper hand.

    Even when patrols were attempted, local residents rarely cooperated. Why would they? In many cases, these activities supported the local economy. Entire communities were built on trust and silence.

    Federal agents often faced obstacles like:

    • Locals tipping off smugglers
    • Winter storms making trails impassable
    • Multiple routes in and out of the Notch
    • Hidden storage spots impossible to search fully

    Some efforts were made, especially during Prohibition, but most ended in frustration. The truth is, the Notch won more battles than it lost when it came to secrecy.

    From Smuggling Trails to Hiking Trails

    By the mid-1900s, the need for secrecy faded, and the push for conservation and recreation began. The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), part of Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal programs in the 1930s, helped transform parts of Smugglers’ Notch into trails and public lands.

    What was once a smuggler’s paradise became:

    • A state park
    • A ski resort
    • A scenic drive popular during foliage season

    Today, the caves and narrow cliffs that once hid bootleggers now challenge rock climbers and delight curious hikers. The Notch Road (Route 108) is open seasonally to traffic, winding its way through some of the most dramatic mountain scenery in New England.

    And if you know where to look, you’ll still find plaques and markers nodding to the history beneath your feet.

    Why This History Matters

    It would be easy to overlook the Notch’s rebellious past in favor of its natural beauty. But doing so would miss the deeper meaning of this place.

    Smugglers’ Notch represents:

    • Vermont’s independent spirit
    • Resistance to federal overreach
    • Creative survival in hard times
    • Quiet defiance rooted in community

    Whether it was livestock during Jefferson’s embargo, whiskey during Prohibition, or people fleeing enslavement, the Notch played a role in protecting those willing to take a risk.

    Even today, locals take pride in that heritage. It’s why the ski resort isn’t just called “Notch Mountain” or “Mansfield Peaks.” The name “Smugglers’ Notch” keeps the stories alive.

    Visiting the Notch with History in Mind

    If you’re planning a trip to Smugglers’ Notch, consider exploring it through the lens of its past.

    Here are a few tips for historical-minded visitors:

    • Stop at the pull-offs along Route 108 to see the cliffs and boulders up close
    • Hike the Sterling Pond Trail and imagine how smugglers might have traveled through similar terrain
    A tranquil lake surrounded by lush greenery and pine trees, reflecting a clear blue sky.
    Sterling Pond – Spring 2025

    Even if you don’t find a hidden whiskey barrel tucked in a cave, you’ll gain a much richer appreciation for what this mountain pass has witnessed.

    Final Thoughts: A Notch With More Than Just Scenic Views

    The next time you drive the winding road between Jeffersonville and Stowe, take a moment to picture what came before. Picture mule trains slipping through the trees. Picture bootleggers navigating the cliffs by lantern light. Picture freedom seekers finding a path north under the cover of night.

    Smugglers’ Notch is more than a beautiful mountain pass. It’s a living story about Vermont’s resistance, resourcefulness, and refusal to be tamed.

    And those secrets? Some of them might still be hiding in the rocks, just waiting to be uncovered.

  • Vermont’s Underground Railroad History: The Rokeby Museum, Secret Routes, and Local Abolitionists

    Vermont’s Underground Railroad History: The Rokeby Museum, Secret Routes, and Local Abolitionists

    When most people think of Vermont, they picture rolling hills, sugar shacks, and covered bridges. But beneath the idyllic scenery lies a powerful legacy of resistance and moral courage. Vermont was more than just a bystander in the era of slavery—it was a state of active defiance. During the height of the Underground Railroad, Vermont’s rugged landscape and fiercely independent spirit made it one of the most important corridors for freedom seekers en route to Canada.

    This post explores Vermont’s little-known role in the Underground Railroad. You’ll learn about the brave locals who defied the law, the homes and barns that became sanctuaries, and the historic sites you can still visit today.

    Why Vermont Became a Key Player in the Underground Railroad

    Several factors made Vermont a natural hub for antislavery activity.

    1. Geography:

    Vermont shares a border with Quebec, Canada, where slavery was illegal. This proximity made it a final stretch for many seeking freedom. Rural roads, thick forests, and hidden valleys provided ample cover for those traveling by foot or wagon.

    2. Early abolitionist roots:

    Vermont’s 1777 Constitution was the first in the nation to outlaw adult slavery. While it wasn’t a perfect abolitionist document, it laid the groundwork for Vermont’s future resistance to slavery.

    3. Local values:

    Vermonters have long valued self-governance, individual freedom, and moral responsibility. This spirit extended to the treatment of fugitive slaves. In many towns, helping an enslaved person escape was seen not only as just but as necessary.

    4. Religious influence:

    Quakers, Baptists, and other religious groups active in Vermont often spoke out strongly against slavery. Their homes and meetinghouses served as waystations on the Underground Railroad.

    Meet the Abolitionists: Vermont’s Local Heroes

    Though Vermont never saw massive battles or protests, the courage of individual Vermonters helped shape national change. Here are just a few of the people who made a difference.

    Lucius Bigelow (Craftsbury):

    A businessman and fervent abolitionist, Bigelow is believed to have used his home as a stop on the Underground Railroad. He helped organize anti-slavery meetings and encouraged local resistance to the Fugitive Slave Act.

    Rev. Joshua Young (Burlington):

    A Congregationalist minister, Young rose to national attention after he presided over the funeral of abolitionist John Brown. For many, honoring a man hanged for trying to free enslaved people was political suicide. Young lost many parishioners and nearly his career. Still, he stood firm in his beliefs.

    Rowland T. Robinson (Ferrisburgh):

    A devout Quaker and early abolitionist, Robinson and his family operated a farm that served as a documented stop on the Underground Railroad. He kept detailed records and openly supported civil rights. Today, his farm is preserved as the Rokeby Museum.

    Stephen Row Bradley (Westminster):

    A U.S. Senator and one of the early voices advocating for anti-slavery legislation. While not directly involved in the Underground Railroad, his influence in government helped Vermont become a safe state for freedom seekers.

    Secret Routes and Hidden Safe Houses

    Much of the Underground Railroad’s success relied on secrecy. Homes were used to hide escapees, but only those who were trusted and committed to the cause were involved. Many of these homes still stand today, though few are marked.

    Known and Believed Stops:

    • Ferrisburgh: Home to the Robinson family and part of a broader Quaker network.
    • Middlebury: Several faculty members at Middlebury College helped smuggle freedom seekers north.
    • Brattleboro: Its location near the Connecticut River made it a gateway town for those heading north.
    • Shaftsbury and Bennington: Quiet villages that gave cover to nighttime travelers.
    • Montpelier and Barre: Vermont’s capital region held pockets of resistance, especially among Protestant communities.

    Escape Routes:

    • Travel was typically done by foot or wagon, moving between farms at night.
    • Lake Champlain was used as a waterway route to Canada. In the winter, some crossed on foot when the lake froze.
    • Barns, basements, and hidden attic spaces offered brief but critical shelter.

    Because of the lack of written records and the need for secrecy, many routes remain speculative. However, oral history passed down by families and communities has helped piece together the story.

    Fighting Back Against the Fugitive Slave Act

    The 1850 Fugitive Slave Act made it a crime to assist escaped slaves, even in free states. This law enraged many Vermonters and galvanized the underground movement further.

    How Vermonters Resisted:

    • Public resistance: Citizens shamed and ostracized slave catchers who entered Vermont. Some were chased out of towns.
    • Legal loopholes: Vermont passed “Personal Liberty Laws” to counteract the Fugitive Slave Act. These laws aimed to delay or block extradition efforts through red tape and court procedures.
    • Vigilance committees: Formed in towns like Middlebury and Ferrisburgh, these groups coordinated safe passage and distributed funds to support fugitives.

    Helping a fugitive was risky. Families could face fines, arrest, or even violence. But for many Vermonters, protecting human freedom outweighed fear of the law.

    Where to See the History Today

    Want to experience this legacy for yourself? Several sites across Vermont have preserved this powerful history. Whether you’re planning a road trip or looking for an educational day out, these stops offer a window into the past.

    1. Rokeby Museum (Ferrisburgh)

    A two-story yellow house surrounded by vibrant autumn trees with colorful leaves in shades of red, orange, and green.
    • One of the best-documented Underground Railroad sites in the country.
    • Explore the Robinson family home and farm, with exhibits on antislavery work, Quaker life, and more.
    • Offers seasonal tours and educational programs.

    2. Middlebury College

    • The campus has deep abolitionist roots.
    • While not a formal museum, the college has preserved letters and documents from faculty involved in antislavery work.
    • Worth a stop if you’re already exploring Middlebury’s downtown.

    3. Brattleboro Abolitionist Sites

    • Take a self-guided walking tour through historic homes and former factories.
    • Learn about how industry leaders in the area used their wealth to fight slavery.

    4. Burlington’s Historic Churches

    • Visit the First Congregational Church where Rev. Joshua Young once preached.
    • Several downtown buildings have plaques commemorating local abolitionists.

    5. Shaftsbury Historical Society

    • Explore a quieter but important part of the story.
    • Local historians can point you to known hiding places and original documents.

    Plan a Day in Abolitionist Vermont

    Want to build a meaningful itinerary around this history? Here’s one way to do it:

    Morning:

    • Start at Rokeby Museum in Ferrisburgh for a deep dive into the Underground Railroad.

    Lunch:

    • Grab a bite at a local café like 3 Squares Café in Vergennes or a historic inn nearby.

    Afternoon:

    • Head to Middlebury College or downtown Burlington to explore more sites.
    • Consider visiting Battery Park in Burlington, where speeches and protests took place during the Civil War era.

    Bonus:

    • If you’re feeling reflective, follow Route 7 north to the Canadian border. Freedom seekers would have made that same journey more than 150 years ago.

    Vermont’s Lasting Legacy of Freedom

    Vermont’s role in the Underground Railroad may not be as well known as Ohio’s or Pennsylvania’s, but it was just as important. It’s a story of farmers, teachers, preachers, and townsfolk who risked everything to do what was right.

    This legacy still echoes today. You’ll find it in our schools, where children learn about Vermont’s abolitionist past. You’ll see it in roadside markers and historical plaques. And if you look closely, you might just see it in the old barn beams and cellar doors of homes that once offered sanctuary.

    By learning about this hidden history, you’re helping keep these stories alive. And that’s what history should do—connect the past to the present, and remind us that even in the quietest corners, people have always stood up for what matters.

    Want to Keep Exploring?

    Check out more local history posts on Green Mountain Peaks, including:

    For more in-depth resources on Vermont’s abolitionist past, visit:

    • https://rokeby.org
    • Vermont Historical Society archives
    • Your local library’s Vermont Room

    And if you’re touring the state, be sure to take the scenic route, you never know what piece of hidden history you’ll stumble across.

  • Ethan Allen: The Man Who Led the Green Mountain Boys and Captured Fort Ticonderoga

    Ethan Allen: The Man Who Led the Green Mountain Boys and Captured Fort Ticonderoga

    A Short History of Ethan Allen (And Why He’s Everywhere in Vermont)

    A white marble statue of Ethan Allen, depicted in a military uniform, standing confidently with one arm crossed and a cane in hand, placed on a decorative base.

    If you’ve spent any time in Vermont, you’ve probably noticed a name that keeps popping up: Ethan Allen. There’s the Ethan Allen Homestead. Ethan Allen Park. Fort Ethan Allen. And of course, the famous Ethan Allen furniture company. But who was this man, and why is he still such a big deal in the Green Mountain State?

    I think the better question is: how could he not be everywhere? Ethan Allen wasn’t just a Revolutionary War figure. He helped shape the identity of Vermont itself—fiery, independent, and a little unruly. So let’s dive into a short but rich history of the man behind the myth, and explore why his legacy is alive and well all across the state.

    Who Was Ethan Allen?

    Ethan Allen was born in 1738 in Litchfield, Connecticut, and grew up on the edge of the New England frontier. He was never one for rules, schools, or staying in line. After some time trying to make a name for himself in ironworking, philosophy, and land speculation, he made his way to what was then the New Hampshire Grants—a patch of territory that would later become Vermont.

    That’s where things really took off.

    • Birthplace: Litchfield, Connecticut
    • Moved to Vermont: Early 1760s
    • Famous for: Founding the Green Mountain Boys, seizing Fort Ticonderoga, promoting Vermont’s independence
    • Character traits: Brash, bold, defiant, passionate about liberty (and land)

    Allen was the kind of person who would make enemies fast, but he also made loyal friends. He stood out not just for his military exploits, but for his outspokenness, radical ideas, and larger-than-life personality.

    The New York Land Dispute: Ethan Allen’s Origin Story

    To understand why Ethan Allen became a local legend, you need to start with a land dispute that shaped the entire region. In the mid-1700s, both New Hampshire and New York claimed the area that is now Vermont. New Hampshire had issued land grants to settlers, but New York came in later and said those grants were invalid. They tried to force settlers to buy their land all over again, now at a higher price.

    Enter Ethan Allen.

    • His stake: Allen had family and personal claims to land under the New Hampshire grants
    • His mission: Defend those land claims against New York authorities
    • His weapon of choice: A militia known as the Green Mountain Boys

    The Green Mountain Boys were a rowdy, semi-official militia that resisted New York’s control, sometimes with violence. They roughed up sheriffs, destroyed court documents, and made it known that “Yorkers” (people siding with New York) weren’t welcome. To many outsiders, they were little more than lawless rebels. But to settlers in Vermont, they were heroes defending their homes.

    Fort Ticonderoga: The Peak of Ethan Allen’s Glory

    Historical illustration depicting a scene with a soldier holding a sword and a candle, speaking to a group of individuals inside a stone building, with soldiers visible in the background.

    Ethan Allen’s name became known far beyond Vermont in May 1775 when he led a surprise raid on Fort Ticonderoga alongside Benedict Arnold. The fort, located on Lake Champlain, was lightly defended by the British. In the early morning hours, Allen and his Green Mountain Boys stormed the fort and took it without firing a shot.

    What made the moment legendary was Allen’s reported demand:

    “In the name of the Great Jehovah and the Continental Congress!”

    While historians debate whether he actually said those words, the story stuck. The victory gave the Continental Army much-needed artillery, which would later be used to drive the British out of Boston. It was one of the first American victories of the Revolutionary War.

    • Date: May 10, 1775
    • Significance: Boosted morale and secured cannons for the revolution
    • Mythology: Helped cement Allen as a Revolutionary War hero

    For many Vermonters, Fort Ticonderoga is where Allen moved from local rabble-rouser to national figure.

    Ethan Allen the Politician and Philosopher

    Allen’s life after the Fort Ticonderoga raid was a whirlwind.

    Shortly after the victory, he tried to capture Montreal but was taken prisoner and shipped off to England. He spent nearly three years in captivity before being released in a prisoner exchange. When he returned, Vermont was still not a recognized state. In fact, it was trying to become its own independent republic.

    Allen got heavily involved in this effort. He lobbied for Vermont to be recognized as a separate state, but when Congress dragged its feet, he explored more controversial options.

    One of the biggest eyebrow-raisers in his career was the Haldimand Affair, where he and others secretly negotiated with the British about possibly making Vermont a British province if independence wasn’t recognized. Though the plan never materialized, it added to Allen’s reputation as someone willing to bend the rules for what he believed was right.

    He also turned to writing, publishing works like:

    • “Reason: The Only Oracle of Man” (1785)
    • A bold defense of deism and Enlightenment values
    • Rejected organized religion, promoted logic and reason
    • Largely ignored in its time, but considered radical and ahead of its era

    Why Ethan Allen Is Everywhere in Vermont Today

    There are few figures as thoroughly woven into the identity of a U.S. state as Ethan Allen is to Vermont. His name is emblazoned across parks, schools, businesses, and neighborhoods. But why?

    1. Symbol of Independence

    Allen’s leadership during the fight against New York and the British represents Vermont’s long-standing love of autonomy. Vermont was its own republic for 14 years before joining the Union in 1791.

    2. Local Hero Status

    Whether or not every detail of his life is praiseworthy, his legacy as a bold, take-no-prisoners leader appeals to Vermonters’ appreciation for grit and tenacity.

    3. Brand Recognition

    The Ethan Allen furniture company, founded by one of Allen’s descendants, helped turn the name into a national brand, further spreading his legacy (and some confusion along with it).

    4. Tourist Appeal

    Monuments and historic sites connected to Allen are some of the most-visited Revolutionary War spots in the state.

    Where to Learn More (and Walk in His Footsteps)

    If you’re visiting Vermont and want to dig deeper into Ethan Allen’s story, here are some places to check out:

    Ethan Allen Homestead Museum – Burlington

    Located on the site where Allen lived in his later years. Features a restored colonial home, museum exhibits, and walking trails.

    Fort Ethan Allen Historic District – Colchester and Winooski

    Originally a military post from the late 1800s named in his honor. Today, the area is filled with preserved architecture and historical markers.

    Ethan Allen Park – Burlington

    Offers a scenic overlook of Lake Champlain and a monument to Allen. Great for a picnic or sunset photo.

    Greenmount Cemetery – Burlington

    Allen’s burial site includes a tall monument and interpretive signage. A quiet, reflective place to pay respects.

    Fort Ticonderoga – Just over the border in New York

    While technically not in Vermont, it’s worth the short drive. Offers tours, reenactments, and a deeper look at Allen’s most famous military feat.

    Final Thoughts: The Complicated Charm of Ethan Allen

    Ethan Allen wasn’t perfect. He could be reckless, self-serving, and a bit of a showman. But he was also brilliant, fiercely loyal to his people, and unshakably committed to liberty—even if he defined it in his own unconventional way.

    That contradiction is part of what makes him such a compelling figure. And it’s part of why Vermonters still claim him as their own.

    Today, when you see his name on a bottle of local cider or etched into a stone monument, you’re not just looking at a historical figure. You’re seeing a symbol of what Vermont has always stood for—independence, resilience, and a little rebellion now and then.

    Planning a Trip?

    Don’t forget to include the Ethan Allen Homestead on your Vermont itinerary. And if you’re looking to understand what makes Vermont tick, Ethan Allen is a great place to start!

  • Weird Laws in Vermont That Are Actually Real (And a Few That Aren’t)

    Weird Laws in Vermont That Are Actually Real (And a Few That Aren’t)

    Vermont has always marched to the beat of its own drum. From banning billboards to letting towns govern themselves with near-total autonomy, this little state in the Northeast is filled with quirks that reflect its fiercely independent spirit. And nowhere is that more evident than in its laws. While many have been updated or repealed over time, some strange ones are still on the books, technically speaking. As a lifelong Vermonter, I’ve heard my fair share of oddball legal trivia, but even I was surprised by a few of these.

    Some are funny, some are rooted in real history, and some are just so Vermont it hurts. Whether you’re a curious local or a history-loving tourist, here are some of the strangest laws still lingering in the Green Mountain State.

    What Counts as a “Weird Law”?

    Let’s start by clearing something up. When we say a law is “still on the books,” it usually means it hasn’t been formally repealed or overwritten by newer legislation. That doesn’t necessarily mean it’s being enforced. Think of these as legal leftovers, often forgotten, sometimes debated, but always entertaining. Vermont has had centuries of lawmaking, and not everything has aged gracefully.

    Vermont’s Funniest and Most Bizarre Laws

    1. No Whistling Underwater

    This one makes the rounds on lists of weird laws, but don’t go digging through state statutes trying to find it. It’s almost certainly an urban legend, but it pops up often enough that it deserves a mention. The visual alone is worth it.

    2. Don’t Tie a Giraffe to a Telephone Pole

    Another favorite among online weird law lists, but again, there’s no actual evidence of this one existing in Vermont law. Still, it shows how easily quirky ideas get attached to a place like Vermont, where local ordinances can be unusually specific.

    3. It’s Illegal to Deny the Existence of God (VT Constitution, Chapter I, Article III)

    Now here’s one that is real. The Vermont Constitution contains language stating that officeholders must believe in a Supreme Being. Of course, this contradicts federal constitutional protections for religious freedom and has no practical bearing today, but the language is still technically there. It’s a historical relic from the 18th century, when many states had similar religious requirements.

    4. Towns Can Require Residents to Own a Firearm

    While not a statewide mandate, Vermont towns have had significant control over their own regulations, including historical militia-style laws. There’s no current requirement, but the local governance structure in Vermont once allowed for such ordinances. This reflects Vermont’s longstanding gun-friendly culture and its strong tradition of individual rights.

    5. Public Dancing Was Prohibited on Sundays

    Blue laws were a real thing in Vermont, just like in many other parts of the country. In some areas, public dancing and other leisure activities were restricted on Sundays for religious reasons. While most of these laws have been repealed or ignored into obsolescence, a few still pop up in local ordinances or town histories.

    6. Margarine Was Required to Be Dyed Pink

    This one is not just weird, it’s very real. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Vermont took its dairy seriously. So seriously, in fact, that margarine had to be dyed pink to distinguish it from butter. The goal? Protect the dairy industry from cheaper competition. Pink margarine wasn’t exactly flying off the shelves, and that was the point.

    7. Billboards Are Illegal

    Unlike many of the other laws on this list, this one is actively enforced. Vermont banned billboards in 1968 as a way to preserve scenic beauty and resist corporate intrusion. The law is a source of pride for many Vermonters, and it contributes to the state’s uniquely uncluttered roadsides. If you’ve ever driven through Vermont and thought it felt more peaceful, this law is part of the reason.

    Here’s the full story of why Vermont banned billboards.

    8. You Can Legally Cross a Solid Yellow Line to Pass

    This one shocks a lot of visitors. In Vermont, it is not illegal to cross a solid yellow line to pass a slower-moving vehicle, as long as it’s safe to do so. The yellow line is advisory, not a strict prohibition. This law fits perfectly with Vermont’s trust in individual judgment and practical rural road etiquette. Just don’t try it on a blind curve.

    Vermont’s town-by-town rules are one of the first things newcomers notice. If you’re thinking about making the move, I’m a local real estate agent and happy to answer questions. Ask me anything about living in Vermont.

    Local Bylaws That’ll Make You Do a Double Take

    One thing that makes Vermont unique is the level of autonomy granted to towns. That local control means some very specific, very strange laws exist in pockets around the state.

    • Montpelier and house colors: At one point, Montpelier debated regulating what colors residents could paint their homes, particularly in historic districts.
    • Shelburne and yard signs: Shelburne once proposed limiting the number and type of yard signs, sparking debates about free speech.
    • Livestock leash laws: In rural towns, don’t be surprised to find laws requiring pigs to be fenced in or even wear bells. Some of these still exist in outdated town bylaws.

    These local rules often reflect real concerns from another era but feel humorous today. Still, some are technically active, so it’s best to double-check your town’s regulations before installing a goat trampoline or neon-pink fence.

    Why These Laws Haven’t Been Repealed

    You might wonder, why don’t we just get rid of them? A few reasons:

    • Lack of urgency: If no one’s enforcing it, repealing it usually isn’t a priority.
    • Historical preservation: Some laws remain for symbolic or archival reasons.
    • Bureaucratic inertia: Repealing laws takes time, paperwork, and political will.

    And honestly? Some folks think they add character. In a state like Vermont, where independence and tradition matter deeply, even outdated laws can have a certain charm.

    How Vermont Compares to Other States

    Every state has its share of weird laws. Maine supposedly bans parking in front of Dunkin Donuts. In New Hampshire, it’s illegal to collect seaweed at night. Compared to those, Vermont’s oddities are mostly about tradition and independence rather than pure absurdity. What sets Vermont apart is that many of its “weird” laws have roots in real values: localism, agriculture, privacy, and practicality.

    Celebrate the Quirks

    From pink margarine to solid yellow lines, Vermont’s legal history is filled with unexpected surprises. Some of these laws are funny, some are outdated, and some are still shaping how we live today. But all of them tell a story about who we are as a state.

    Got a weird law from your Vermont town? Share it in the comments or send me a message. I’d love to dig into it. And if you enjoyed this little legal time capsule, stick around. There’s plenty more Vermont history and trivia where that came from.

    Thinking about living here, not just visiting? I’m writing a local guide for people weighing the move, starting with the honest reasons not to come. Start here: Moving to Vermont: A Guide to Living in Northern Vermont.

  • How Vermont Celebrates the 4th of July: Parades, History, and the 1777 Constitution

    How Vermont Celebrates the 4th of July: Parades, History, and the 1777 Constitution

    Independence Day in Vermont is more than fireworks and grilled hot dogs. It is a deeply rooted celebration of what it means to stand up, push back, and do things your own way. From the state’s early days as a self-declared republic to the modern-day town meetings that still shape its political character, Vermont has always taken independence seriously. And on the Fourth of July, Vermonters do not just wave flags. They celebrate the bold, revolutionary spirit that made their state what it is.

    Here’s why:

    Vermont Was Born From Revolution

    Before Vermont was a state, it was a battleground. Not just in the war against British rule, but also in a fierce political struggle with neighboring colonies. In the 1760s and 1770s, the land that is now Vermont was hotly contested by both New York and New Hampshire. Settlers under conflicting land claims often found themselves at odds, and it was out of this chaos that Vermont’s revolutionary identity was born.

    At the center of this fight were the Green Mountain Boys, a militia formed to defend the rights of New Hampshire land grantees. Led by Ethan Allen, they gained fame not only for defending Vermont’s territory but also for capturing Fort Ticonderoga in 1775. Their boldness and independence earned them a permanent place in early American history.

    In 1777, Vermont declared itself an independent republic. It was not part of New York, not part of New Hampshire, and not yet part of the United States. For 14 years, it functioned as its own country, issuing its own currency, operating its own postal service, and negotiating with foreign powers.

    This revolutionary origin story is not just state trivia. It shapes how Vermonters see themselves: independent, self-reliant, and unafraid to challenge the status quo.

    July 4, 1777: Vermont’s First Constitution Signed

    While the rest of the nation was celebrating the first anniversary of American independence, Vermonters were making history of their own.

    On July 4, 1777, in the small town of Windsor, Vermont ratified its first constitution. This was not just symbolic. It was a bold and forward-thinking document that made Vermont the first territory in North America to:

    • Prohibit adult slavery
    • Allow universal male suffrage, including non-landowners
    • Guarantee public education

    It was no coincidence that the constitution was signed on the Fourth of July. The date was chosen to align Vermont’s bold experiment in democracy with that of the newly declared United States. Even though Vermont was not admitted to the Union until 1791, it celebrated American ideals from the beginning and often went further than the original states.

    This moment is part of why the Fourth of July means something deeper in Vermont. It marks both American independence and Vermont’s own political birth.

    Independence as a Way of Life in Vermont

    For Vermonters, independence is not just historical. It is cultural.

    Here are some ways that value shows up in daily life:

    1. Town Meeting Day
    Held each March, Town Meeting Day is a living example of grassroots democracy. In school gyms, firehouses, and town halls, residents gather to vote on local issues. These meetings are often intense, personal, and fiercely debated. They reflect a culture where every voice matters.

    2. Local Control Over Big Government
    Vermont has a long tradition of resisting federal or corporate overreach. This includes:

    • Being the first state to recognize same-sex civil unions in 2000
    • Pioneering GMO labeling laws
    • Refusing to adopt certain standardized testing models in schools

    3. Supporting Local Over Chain Stores
    Many Vermont towns have actively resisted big-box development in favor of local businesses. The result is a state full of independent bookstores, family-run general stores, and small producers who thrive on community support.

    This deep-rooted commitment to self-governance and community control echoes the ideals that sparked the Revolution in the first place.

    Celebrating with Purpose: How Vermonters Honor the 4th

    Fourth of July in Vermont is vibrant, but it is also intentional. Towns big and small embrace the day not just with festivities but with reflection.

    Some notable traditions include:

    1. Montpelier’s Independence Day Celebration
    Includes a classic parade, live music, a farmers market, and fireworks. Often features readings of the Declaration of Independence and performances by local historical reenactors.

    2. Brandon’s Parade and Street Dance
    Known for quirky floats and strong community involvement. Followed by a lively street party with local food and drink.

    3. Fireworks Over Lake Champlain
    Burlington hosts a waterfront celebration that draws families, history lovers, and tourists alike. You will find educational tents alongside food trucks and live music.

    4. Historic Reenactments
    Locations like Hubbardton Battlefield and the Old Constitution House often hold Revolutionary War reenactments, flag-raising ceremonies, and educational programs.

    In many Vermont towns, you are just as likely to find a small museum exhibit about 1777 as you are to find a BBQ cookout. The past is never far away.

    Revolutionary Figures Who Still Inspire

    When you grow up in Vermont, you learn names that do not always show up in the average history book. These figures are still celebrated and honored across the state.

    1. Ethan Allen
    Leader of the Green Mountain Boys and hero of Fort Ticonderoga. Known for his brashness, wit, and fierce devotion to liberty.

    2. Thomas Chittenden
    Vermont’s first governor, both during the republic and after statehood. A stabilizing force in turbulent times who guided Vermont into the Union.

    3. Ann Story
    A Revolutionary War heroine who supported the Green Mountain Boys from the frontier. A symbol of the strength and resilience of Vermont’s women.

    These names are etched into Vermont’s geography: on schools, roads, mountains, and historic plaques. They are not just historical figures. They are cultural icons.

    Why It Still Matters Today

    Vermonters do not take Independence Day seriously just because of the past. They see it as a reminder of what still matters—freedom, equality, civic engagement, and community.

    1. Teaching the Next Generation
    Vermont classrooms often incorporate local Revolutionary history into lesson plans. Students take field trips to places like Fort Ticonderoga and the Constitution House.

    2. Civic Pride and Activism
    From climate change protests to small-scale political campaigns, Vermonters continue to show up and speak out. The Revolutionary spirit lives on in a culture that values participation over apathy.

    3. Balancing Celebration with Reflection
    Independence Day events often include solemn moments for veterans, readings of the Declaration, and reflections on progress. It is not uncommon for communities to acknowledge where the country has fallen short, even as they celebrate what has been achieved.

    For many, it is not just about what happened in 1776 or 1777. It is about what those years started and how that momentum continues today.

    Visiting Vermont for the 4th: A History Buff’s Dream

    If you are a history lover, there is no better place to spend the Fourth of July than Vermont. Here are some top destinations that combine celebration with context:

    1. Bennington Battle Monument
    The tallest structure in Vermont, commemorating the Battle of Bennington in 1777. Features tours and panoramic views of the surrounding countryside.

    2. Old Constitution House in Windsor
    The site where Vermont’s first constitution was signed. Hosts reenactments and educational events over the holiday weekend.

    3. Hubbardton Battlefield
    The only Revolutionary War battle fought entirely on Vermont soil. Offers walking trails, interpretive signs, and living history programs.

    4. Mount Independence
    A Revolutionary fortification with trails and preserved earthworks. Guided tours are often available during July.

    5. St. Albans and Swanton Parades
    These events blend local flavor with historical flair and often highlight early settler heritage.

    Pair any of these with a small-town parade or lakeside picnic and you have a well-rounded celebration that blends past and present beautifully.

    Conclusion: The Spirit of ’77 Lives On

    Vermont’s commitment to independence is not just a story in a textbook. It is lived every day in its towns, schools, celebrations, and political culture. That is why the Fourth of July is not just a national holiday here. It is a personal one.

    Whether you are watching fireworks over Lake Champlain, visiting the site where Vermont’s first constitution was signed, or sitting at a town meeting voicing your opinion, you are participating in a tradition that dates back to 1777.

    This July, as Americans mark their independence, Vermonters are marking theirs too. Proudly, loudly, and with a deep sense of purpose.

  • How Vermont Elected a Republican Governor Five Times in a Row in a Deep Blue State

    How Vermont Elected a Republican Governor Five Times in a Row in a Deep Blue State

    Why Republicans and Progressives Can Actually Get Along Here

    In a time when politics often feels broken, Vermont stands out. While most headlines focus on division and dysfunction, this small state quietly operates on something that feels almost radical in 2025: cooperation.

    Vermont’s political system is not perfect. But it is effective. And in many cases, it’s because the people here refuse to play by national party rules.

    What Makes Vermont Politics Different

    It is not just about having a Republican governor in a deep-blue state. Vermont’s real political strength comes from how its parties, especially Progressives and Republicans, often work together—despite being on opposite sides of the spectrum.

    In Vermont, bipartisanship is not centrism. It is values-based problem solving rooted in place, not party.

    A State Shaped by Independence

    Before it joined the Union, Vermont was its own independent republic (1777–1791). During that time, it:

    • Printed its own currency
    • Maintained a citizen militia
    • Abolished slavery, ahead of the rest of the U.S.

    That legacy still shows up in modern Vermont politics. Vermonters tend to value:

    • Local control
    • Citizen-led government
    • A healthy distrust of centralized power
    • Practical, community-based solutions

    This culture encourages flexible political thinking and discourages partisan posturing.

    The Political Landscape Today

    Exterior view of the Vermont State House, featuring a golden dome and grand steps, surrounded by landscaped gardens and trees in autumn colors.
    Vermont State House | Montpelier, Vermont

    VVermont’s politics are shaped by four major groups:

    • Democrats: Dominate the state legislature and federal delegation
    • Republicans: Fewer in number, but influential—especially through the governor’s office
    • Progressives: The most successful third party in the U.S., with elected officials across levels
    • Independents: Regularly win races in local government and keep all parties accountable

    A unique feature: Fusion voting, which lets candidates appear on the ballot under more than one party. This encourages collaboration and blurred party lines.

    It is not uncommon to see:

    • Local races decided by values, not just red vs. blue
    • Progressive-Democrat alliances
    • Republican-Independent candidates

    Governor Phil Scott: A Republican in a Deep Blue Progressive State

    A man in a formal suit, wearing a red tie with a pattern, speaking at a podium with a microphone, against a blurred background with green balloons.
    Governor Phil Scott (R-VT)

    Phil Scott, Vermont’s Republican governor, won a fifth term in 2024 with 73% of the vote—while Kamala Harris won the state’s presidential vote by a landslide the same year.

    Why Vermonters keep re-electing him:

    • Fiscally conservative: Advocates for balanced budgets and cautious spending
    • Socially moderate: Supports abortion rights, LGBTQ+ protections, and climate policies
    • Policy highlights:
      • Signed major gun control laws
      • Supported environmental reforms
      • Vetoed paid family leave and minimum wage increases due to cost concerns

    What really sets him apart is tone. He governs with civility and respect, often working directly with Progressive and Democratic legislators even when they disagree.

    The Vermont Progressive Party: A Movement, Not Just a Brand

    A smiling man with white hair and glasses, wearing a black suit and a patterned tie, posing in front of American and Vermont flags.
    United States Senator Bernie Sanders (I-VT)

    Founded during Bernie Sanders’ early years as Burlington’s mayor, the Vermont Progressive Party has become:

    • The most durable third party in America
    • A political force with state legislators, city council members, and mayoral candidates

    Their priorities include:

    • Economic justice
    • Environmental protection
    • Affordable housing
    • Campaign finance reform

    But their power doesn’t come from yelling the loudest. It comes from:

    • Grassroots organizing
    • Local wins
    • Fusion campaigns that align with Democrats or Independents

    Their influence shapes statewide conversations, often pushing the Democratic majority leftward.

    When Progressives and Republicans Find Common Ground

    This is where Vermont gets fascinating. Despite vastly different beliefs, these two groups often end up on the same side of certain issues.

    Shared Values and Outcomes

    1. Local Control

    • Both oppose top-down education mandates and statewide economic development schemes
    • Both support policies that give towns more say in their future

    2. Corporate Skepticism

    • Progressives worry about inequality and exploitation
    • Republicans worry about favoritism and government interference
    • Result: Both often oppose large corporate tax breaks

    3. Civil Liberties and Privacy

    • Facial recognition laws passed with support from both groups
    • Strong alignment on data privacy and limiting surveillance

    4. Criminal Justice Reform

    • Progressives cite racial justice and systemic change
    • Republicans emphasize personal freedom and small government
    • Shared outcomes include:
      • Marijuana decriminalization
      • Bail reform
      • Limits on qualified immunity

    These are not ideological coalitions. They are values-driven alliances that form around Vermont-specific concerns.

    Inside the Statehouse: A Culture of Practical Politics

    Vermont has a citizen legislature. Most lawmakers are part-time and hold other jobs. That means:

    • Less time for grandstanding
    • More incentive to work together
    • Lawmakers see each other at grocery stores and town halls

    This structure helps produce quiet but meaningful bipartisan work on:

    Climate Policy

    • Developed with input from Progressives, Democrats, and moderate Republicans
    • Balances urgency with rural economic concerns

    Housing Reform

    • Broad support for relaxing zoning rules and building affordable housing
    • Protects Vermont’s rural character while tackling affordability

    COVID-19 Response

    • Unified strategy led to one of the lowest infection rates in the U.S.

    Where It Breaks Down

    Vermont is not immune to tension. Some flashpoints include:

    • Governor Scott’s vetoes of paid leave and minimum wage bills
    • Progressive-Democrat clashes in Burlington, especially over policing
    • Urban vs. rural divides, especially on:
      • Gun laws
      • School funding
      • Environmental regulations

    Even here, disagreements tend to be civil. But they reflect real challenges in balancing priorities across different parts of the state.

    Why Bipartisanship Still Works Here

    1. Scale

    • Vermont is small. People are accessible. Bureaucracy is limited.
    • Go too far on an issue and you’ll hear about it at the general store.

    2. Substance Over Style

    • Performative politics doesn’t work here.
    • Showing up, listening, and doing the work wins elections.

    3. Loyalty to Place, Not Party

    • This flexibility allows for creative coalitions that would never happen elsewhere
    • Voters often split their tickets
    • A Republican governor and a Progressive rep? Totally normal


    “It is not about party politics here. It is about serving Vermonters, solving problems, and making sure government works for everyone.”

    Governor Phil Scott (R-VT) | 2024 Re-Election Speech

    What the Nation Can Learn

    Vermont shows us that:

    • Bipartisanship does not mean agreement on every issue
    • Shared values like transparency, accountability, and autonomy matter more than shared labels
    • Democracy works best at a scale where people actually talk to one another

    In Vermont, politics happens in town halls, co-ops, and coffee shops. It is grounded in community, not cable news narratives.

    The result? A state that still believes politics can be practical, respectful, and rooted in local pride.

  • Vermont’s Mountain Rule: The Unwritten Political Agreement That Governed the State for Over 100 Years

    Vermont’s Mountain Rule: The Unwritten Political Agreement That Governed the State for Over 100 Years

    Before Bernie Sanders, progressive politics, and maple syrup fame, Vermont operated under one of the most unique political systems in American history. It had no legal code. No formal documentation. And it was never voted on by the people.

    Yet for over 100 years, it quietly governed how power was shared in the Green Mountain State.

    This was the Mountain Rule, an unwritten agreement that dictated who could run for office, where they had to live, and how long they could serve. It defined Vermont politics for generations and still echoes in the state’s political culture today.

    What Was the Mountain Rule?

    The Mountain Rule was an informal power-sharing system developed in the early 1800s by Vermont’s Republican Party. Its core purpose was simple: maintain political balance between the east and west sides of the Green Mountains.

    Key features of the Mountain Rule:

    • Regional rotation of political offices between eastern and western Vermont
    • Single two-year term limit for governors to ensure turnover
    • Opposite-region pairing for governor and lieutenant governor (e.g., if the governor was from the east, the lieutenant governor was from the west)
    • Senate seat division: One U.S. senator from each side of the mountains
    • Party enforcement through backroom deals at Republican conventions

    There was no law behind it. It wasn’t written down. But for over a century, everyone followed it.

    Topographic map highlighting Vermont and its Green Mountains, with neighboring New Hampshire labeled as White Mountains.

    Why It Was Created

    The Mountain Rule was a response to Vermont’s unusual political landscape in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

    Context that led to the rule:

    • One-party dominance: From the 1850s until the 1960s, the Republican Party controlled almost all levels of government in Vermont
    • Lack of competition: Without a viable opposition party, there was a risk of internal division within the GOP
    • Regional divide: Eastern and western Vermont had distinct economies and identities, making equitable representation important

    What the Mountain Rule accomplished:

    • Prevented intra-party feuds by making sure no faction or region dominated
    • Created a predictable leadership pipeline
    • Aligned with Vermont values of local control, modesty, and fairness
    • Ensured geographic equity at a time when infrastructure limited east-west interaction

    It was a practical solution, not an idealistic one — a way to keep the peace within a party that had no external challengers.

    How It Worked in Practice

    For more than a century, the Mountain Rule wasn’t just a suggestion. It was a political reality.

    How it shaped state politics:

    • Governors served only one term, typically alternating sides of the Green Mountains
    • U.S. Senate seats were split — one for the east, one for the west
    • Lieutenant governors and House speakers were selected to balance regional representation
    • Party leaders enforced it at state conventions, choosing nominees based on geography and timing

    There was no public debate. No written rulebook. But the system was so entrenched that it operated like law.

    The Benefits of the Mountain Rule

    Despite being undemocratic by today’s standards, the Mountain Rule had several benefits:

    • Stability: Prevented party infighting and allowed for smooth transitions of power
    • Rotation: Gave more citizens a chance to lead, avoiding entrenched political dynasties
    • Fairness: Balanced representation between Vermont’s two geographic halves
    • Efficiency: Reduced the need for messy primary battles or factional disputes

    In many ways, it was a political machine that worked — not because it was imposed from above, but because it was understood and respected from within.

    When and Why It Fell Apart

    By the mid-20th century, the Mountain Rule was beginning to unravel.

    Key reasons for its decline:

    1. Rise of the Democratic Party

    • In the 1950s, Democrats started gaining traction in Vermont
    • Republicans could no longer rely on internal rotation, they had to field candidates who could win real elections

    2. Introduction of direct primaries

    • Until then, party insiders picked nominees at conventions
    • With primaries, voters could challenge the party’s preferred candidates
    • Geography became less important than electability

    3. Hoff’s historic win in 1962

    • Democrat Philip H. Hoff, from Burlington, won the governorship
    • First Democrat to hold the office since before the Civil War
    • Marked the clear end of Republican dominance and the Mountain Rule’s power
    Black and white portrait of a man in a suit and tie, looking directly at the camera with a serious expression.
    Governor Philip H. Hoff (D-VT)

    By the 1970s, Vermont politics had transitioned into a more competitive, voter-driven landscape.

    What Remains of the Mountain Rule Today

    While the Mountain Rule no longer controls who runs for office, its spirit still shapes Vermont’s political identity.

    Lasting impacts:

    • Cultural memory of power-sharing still influences expectations about fairness and representation
    • Citizen legislature structure reflects the values of rotation and community leadership
    • Regional equity remains a concern in debates over education funding, healthcare, and infrastructure
    • Suspicion of political dynasties and careerism continues to shape local attitudes

    Vermonters may not talk about the Mountain Rule often, but its legacy can be seen in how seriously the state still takes balance, modesty, and access in its political process.

    Why It Still Matters

    The Mountain Rule offers lessons that are surprisingly relevant today:

    • Power can be restrained without formal laws
    • Unwritten norms — when shared and respected — can maintain political order
    • Balance and fairness are enduring values, especially in small states
    • Cooperation can be baked into culture, not just codified in rules

    In an era of hyper-partisanship and national polarization, Vermont’s old habit of quiet, predictable power-sharing feels refreshing.

    Final Thoughts

    The Mountain Rule might sound quaint now. But for more than 100 years, it kept Vermont politically stable without scandal or chaos.

    It was never democratic in a modern sense. It was never written into law. And yet, it worked — because Vermonters believed in taking turns, in limiting power, and in making space for voices on both sides of the mountains.

    In a state that still values neighborliness over noise, the Mountain Rule remains one of the most fascinating and defining chapters in Vermont’s political history.

  • What Makes a Vermont Small Town Authentic? A Local’s Checklist for the Real Deal

    What Makes a Vermont Small Town Authentic? A Local’s Checklist for the Real Deal

    There’s no official definition of the word “Vermonty,” but if you’ve spent any time in the Green Mountain State, you probably know the feeling. It’s that specific kind of charm that’s hard to describe and even harder to fake. A town might be beautiful, but that doesn’t mean it’s Vermonty. To qualify, it needs a perfect blend of quirk, character, community, and of course, cows.

    Whether you’re a visitor looking to find the most authentic small towns in Vermont, a local doing a vibe check, or just someone curious about what sets Vermont apart, this checklist will help you spot the real deal.

    Let’s break it down.

    If It Looks Like a Postcard, You’re in the Right Place

    Some towns just look Vermonty the second you roll in. Here are some visual cues to look for:

    • Classic white church steeple rising above the trees, preferably with a bell that still rings on Sundays
    • A town green with a gazebo, American flag, or handmade scarecrows during harvest season
    • Faded red barns – bonus points if they still have vintage signs like “Chew Mail Pouch Tobacco” or hand-painted cow silhouettes
    • A covered bridge, either functional or preserved as a walking path
    • A handful of historic houses, ideally with front porches and rocking chairs
    • Working farms within eyesight of downtown, with hay bales stacked in fields and cows just doing their thing

    It’s the kind of place where you feel like you’ve walked into a calendar photo. Not every Vermont town fits this mold, but most Vermonty towns do.

    The Downtown Should Be Small but Mighty

    A Vermonty town doesn’t need a big, flashy downtown. In fact, if it has a Starbucks and a chain pharmacy, you’re probably in the wrong place. The key is walkability, local pride, and a little weirdness.

    Here’s what you’ll typically find:

    • One or two blocks of Main Street lined with independent businesses, no franchises
    • A general store that sells maple creemees, duct tape, and organic lip balm all in one aisle
    • A hardware store that also stocks dog treats, holiday ornaments, and the town gossip
    • A café or bakery where someone’s always knitting in the corner and the muffins are made that morning
    • A community bulletin board plastered with posters for contra dances, chicken pie suppers, and lost mittens
    • A shop or gallery selling Vermont-made goods, sometimes right out of a renovated barn

    It’s not about having everything. It’s about having the right things, run by the right people.

    You Can Taste and Hear the Vermonty-ness

    You’ll know a town is Vermonty when its flavor is as strong as its personality. Local flavor means more than food—it’s about how the town celebrates its identity.

    Look for these signs:

    • Local diner or co-op that sources food from nearby farms and still serves homemade pie
    • Maple syrup in glass bottles labeled with the town’s name or even the family’s last name
    • A brewery, cidery, or meadery where someone’s playing acoustic guitar on the patio
    • Events with names like “Maple Fest,” “Winter Carnival,” or “Fiddlers’ Picnic”
    • Public music or art, like sculptures by local students or open mic nights at the town hall

    The best part? No one is trying to be trendy. They’re just being themselves – and that’s the Vermontiest vibe of all.

    If You Can’t Hear a River or Spot a Trailhead, Keep Driving

    Nature isn’t just nearby in Vermonty towns. It’s part of the daily rhythm. You should feel like you could step outside and go on a hike, jump into a swimming hole, or snowshoe through a field without needing to drive far.

    What to look for:

    • Surrounded by forest, fields, or mountains in almost every direction
    • Hiking trail or dirt path that starts right behind the post office or school
    • A river, stream, or waterfall you can hear from downtown
    • Locals wearing boots and flannel like they actually chopped wood that morning
    • More gravel roads than paved ones once you’re outside the main stretch

    If the only nature you see is a flower box, the town might be charming – but it’s not Vermonty.

    The People Make It Vermonty

    A town can have all the right visual ingredients, but without the people, it’s just a stage set. What really defines a Vermonty town is its sense of community – often quirky, sometimes crusty, but always deeply rooted.

    Here’s how to spot it:

    • Town meetings that get heated, and everyone still says hi at the general store afterward
    • Homemade signs on roadsides saying things like “Drive Slow – Kids and Chickens at Play”
    • Longtime residents who give directions like “Turn left after where the McAllisters used to live”
    • A local newsletter or Facebook page with headlines about stolen sap buckets or moose sightings
    • A sense that people care – about their neighbors, their land, their town’s future

    You don’t need to be born there to be welcomed, but you will need to learn a few names and listen more than you talk—at least at first.

    Extra Credit: The Bonus Vermonty Scale

    Some towns go above and beyond. They don’t just check the boxes—they create new ones. Here are some bonus indicators you’re in a truly Vermonty town:

    • A name that sounds vaguely French or colonial, like “Calais” (pronounced CALL-us) or “Thetford”
    • A local ski hill or rope tow, even if it’s barely taller than a barn
    • Creative student art decorating the school fence or community center
    • Dump day as a social event, where everyone brings their trash and their stories
    • A town festival where the main event is ox pulling, pie eating, or a parade of tractors
    • No chain stores in sight, and definitely no billboards (here’s why Vermont banned billboards)

    These extras aren’t required, but they sure help a town stand out in the best way.

    How Vermonty Is Your Town?

    So, how’d your town do? Five out of six? All of them plus bonus points? Whether you’re a native, a flatlander turned local, or a first-time visitor, spotting Vermonty towns is about tuning into the rhythm and character that makes this state special.

    Here’s your unofficial scoring guide:

    • 0–2 sections: Charming, but not Vermonty. Try again.
    • 3–4 sections: You’re getting close. Keep exploring.
    • 5–6 sections: That’s a Vermonty town.
    • 6 sections plus bonus points: You’ve found the real deal. Hang on to it.

    Vermonty towns aren’t always on the top 10 lists or travel brochures, but they are the places that leave a mark. They’re where you’ll get the best stories, the warmest welcomes, and probably a maple creemee handed to you with a smile.

    Share the Vermonty Vibe

    Know a town that screams “Vermonty”? Share it in the comments or tag it on social media. Whether it’s tiny and hidden or proudly known across the state, we’d love to see what makes your favorite town tick.

    And if you’re out exploring, don’t just check places off a list. Stop in the general store. Talk to someone on a bench. Buy a jar of local jam. That’s how you find the Vermonty soul of a place – not just the postcard view, but the story behind it.

    Want more real-deal Vermont content?
    Subscribe to the blog for weekly guides, hidden gems, and local travel ideas straight from a Vermonter!

    Ready to hit the road? Keep your eyes open and your creemee cone upright. The most Vermonty places are waiting for you, right around the bend. 🚗

  • Vermont Covered Bridges You Can Walk Across: Emily’s Bridge, Taftsville, Northfield, and More

    Vermont Covered Bridges You Can Walk Across: Emily’s Bridge, Taftsville, Northfield, and More

    A wooden covered bridge with a peaked roof, labeled 'Quechee,' situated in a rural area with nearby houses and trees.

    Vermont is famous for many things: maple syrup, mountains, fall foliage, and that charming small-town feel you can’t quite find anywhere else. But among the most iconic features of the Green Mountain State are its covered bridges. These quaint wooden structures, often tucked along backroads and spanning peaceful rivers, are more than just pretty photo ops. They are pieces of history you can quite literally walk across.

    As a Vermonter, I can tell you these bridges aren’t just here for show. They connect towns, preserve our architectural legacy, and make the perfect excuse to get out and explore on foot. In this post, we’ll take a journey through some of the best historic covered bridges in Vermont that welcome walkers. Whether you’re looking for a kid-friendly stop, a scenic detour, or just a quiet spot to enjoy the view, these bridges deliver.

    What Makes Vermont’s Covered Bridges So Special?

    Vermont is home to more than 100 covered bridges, the highest density per square mile in the entire country. Many date back to the 1800s and are still standing thanks to careful preservation and deep local pride.

    These bridges were originally covered to protect the wooden structure from snow and rain. It might sound simple, but it’s the reason so many have lasted this long. Today, they offer a step back in time for visitors, a chance to appreciate old-world craftsmanship and the slow pace of rural life.

    Covered bridges in Vermont are more than scenic backdrops. They are living landmarks. And some of them are fully open to pedestrians, giving you the chance to walk through history at your own pace.

    Things to Know Before You Go

    Before you lace up your sneakers and start bridge-hopping, here are a few tips:

    • Timing is everything: Fall is a favorite, but summer mornings and snowy winter days also make for magical visits.
    • Wear good shoes: Some bridges are just off the road, while others may require a short walk.
    • Respect the space: While most bridges are open to foot traffic, a few are still used by cars. Stay alert and respectful.
    • Pack a picnic or snack: Many bridges are near rivers or open meadows, making them great spots to relax and snack.

    Covered Bridges You Can Walk Across in Vermont

    These are some of the best historic covered bridges across Vermont that you can stroll through on foot, each with its own story and setting.

    1. Emily’s Bridge (Gold Brook Covered Bridge) – Stowe

    This picturesque bridge in Stowe is one of Vermont’s most famous, and one of its spookiest. Built in 1844, Emily’s Bridge is named after a local legend involving a heartbroken bride. Whether or not you believe the ghost stories, the setting is beautiful and atmospheric.

    • Short walk from roadside parking
    • Easily combined with a visit to downtown Stowe or a hike in the area
    • Popular in fall for foliage views and storytelling

    2. Creamery Covered Bridge – Brattleboro

    A red covered bridge with a wooden entrance, surrounded by greenery and flowers along the pathway leading to it.

    One of the most accessible bridges for pedestrians, this bridge has been closed to vehicles for years and now functions as a peaceful public walkway.

    • Built in 1879
    • Located in a park setting with picnic tables and a historic marker
    • Wheelchair accessible and perfect for families with strollers

    3. Worrall Covered Bridge – Rockingham

    A weathered wooden covered bridge with a metal roof, surrounded by bare trees and grass, set against a blue sky.

    This 1868 bridge spans the Williams River and remains one of the lesser-known gems in southern Vermont. It’s still open to local traffic, but walking across is easy and encouraged when safe.

    • Low traffic road makes it safe for a quick stroll
    • Scenic river views with wildflowers in spring and summer
    • Near Bellows Falls for a good day trip combo

    4. Pulp Mill Covered Bridge – Middlebury

    Pulp Mill Bridge, a wooden covered bridge with a slanted roof, partially enclosed with a gravel road leading to its entrance.

    Also known as the Seymour Street Bridge, this structure is one of the oldest in the country, dating back to around 1820. While still open to traffic, it has sidewalks for pedestrians.

    • Located in downtown Middlebury
    • Built with two lanes, a rarity among covered bridges
    • Perfect addition to a town stroll or college campus visit

    5. Taftsville Covered Bridge – Woodstock Area

    Taftsville Covered Bridge, a red wooden structure with a historical sign, showcasing its name and clearance height.

    Bright red and beautifully restored, Taftsville Bridge is a photogenic gem right off Route 4. It spans the Ottauquechee River and offers gorgeous views in every season.

    • Built in 1836 and one of Vermont’s longest covered bridges
    • Safe for foot traffic with a pedestrian lane
    • Combine with visits to Quechee Gorge and Woodstock Village

    6. Fisher Covered Bridge – Wolcott

    A rare covered railroad bridge, the Fisher Bridge is no longer used for trains or cars, making it a quiet and unique place to explore on foot.

    • Built in 1908 for the St. Johnsbury and Lamoille County Railroad
    • One of the only remaining railroad covered bridges in the state
    • Nearby parking and informational signage make it a good educational stop

    7. Northfield Falls Covered Bridges – Northfield

    A side view of a red covered bridge with a green welcome sign, set against a backdrop of trees and hills.

    This area is home to three bridges within a one-mile stretch, making it the perfect destination for a mini bridge walking tour.

    • Includes the Upper, Lower, and Slaughter House Covered Bridges
    • Beautiful walk along the Dog River with fall foliage in the background
    • Often less crowded than other tourist areas, great for families and photographers

    Add-On Ideas: Pair Your Bridge Visit With Local Attractions

    Make the most of your visit by combining covered bridge walks with local attractions:

    • Stowe: Follow Emily’s Bridge with a visit to the Alchemist Brewery or a creemee at Stowe Sweets.
    • Brattleboro: Pair the Creamery Bridge with downtown shopping or a hike up Wantastiquet Mountain.
    • Middlebury: Walk across the Pulp Mill Bridge, then grab a coffee in town or visit the local museum.
    • Woodstock/Quechee: Follow the Taftsville Bridge with a hike in Quechee Gorge or lunch at Simon Pearce.
    • Northfield: Bring a picnic to enjoy by the river after your bridge walk, or explore the Norwich University campus.

    Tips for Visiting With Kids

    Traveling with children? Covered bridges make for easy and rewarding mini adventures. Here are a few ways to keep it fun:

    • Turn it into a game: Create a “Covered Bridge Bingo” with items like “red bridge,” “river view,” “creemee stand nearby,” or “historic plaque.”
    • Bring strollers: Many bridges are stroller-friendly, especially the Creamery Bridge.
    • Pack a picnic: Kids love the novelty of eating by the water or on a grassy field near the bridge.

    Fun Facts About Vermont’s Covered Bridges

    Want to impress your travel buddies? Share these fun tidbits:

    • Why are they covered? The roofs protect the wooden trusses from weather damage, helping them last longer.
    • Oldest bridge: The Pulp Mill Bridge in Middlebury may date back to 1820.
    • Haunted? Emily’s Bridge in Stowe is known for ghost sightings and spooky tales.
    • Most bridges in one place: Northfield holds the title with three within a single mile.
    • Movie magic: Some Vermont bridges have appeared in films and documentaries about New England.

    Plan Your Route: Custom Map or Walking Tour

    If you’re traveling through Vermont, consider making your own route:

    Sample Itinerary: Central Vermont Day Trip

    1. Start in Woodstock at Taftsville Covered Bridge
    2. Drive to Northfield to walk all three bridges
    3. End the day at the Fisher Bridge in Wolcott

    Use Google Maps to pin all bridge stops and nearby attractions for an easy route.

    Final Thoughts: Walk Into Vermont’s History

    Covered bridges are more than scenic detours. They are living pieces of Vermont’s past, telling stories of farmers, builders, and small-town pride. Whether you’re visiting from out of state or just rediscovering your backyard, these bridges invite you to slow down, look around, and walk through a little slice of history.

    Ready to hit the road? Don’t forget your camera, your walking shoes, and your curiosity. And if you explore any of these covered bridges, tag Green Mountain Peaks to share your adventure.

    Looking for more ways to enjoy Vermont’s charm? Check out these posts:

    Let Vermont’s covered bridges guide your next walk into the past.

  • Best General Stores in Vermont: Warren, Woodstock, Stowe, Greensboro, and More

    Best General Stores in Vermont: Warren, Woodstock, Stowe, Greensboro, and More

    Step inside almost any general store in Vermont and you’ll feel it immediately. The creaky floorboards. The smell of hot soup or just-baked muffins. Shelves lined with everything from duct tape and maple syrup to wool socks and watercolor prints. Someone behind the counter will greet you with a nod, maybe even your name. This is not just a store. It’s the heart of the town.

    Vermonters don’t just shop at general stores. We rely on them. We gather in them. We remember our childhoods through them. Whether you live here or you’re visiting for the first time, general stores tell the story of Vermont in a way no museum or brochure ever could.

    Let’s take a closer look at what makes Vermont general stores so special and why they remain a beloved part of daily life across the state.

    1. What Makes a General Store, Well, General?

    A Vermont general store is not a gas station convenience store. It’s not a tourist trap gift shop. It’s something in between and something more.

    Here are a few defining traits:

    • All-in-one shopping. You can grab groceries, a sandwich, a screwdriver, and a birthday card all in one stop.
    • Local flavor. Most stores sell products made nearby, like honey, jam, pottery, or woodcrafts.
    • Authentic feel. Many have the same shelves, signage, and fixtures they’ve had for decades.
    • Real community. Bulletin boards display lost dog flyers, yoga class schedules, firewood for sale, and babysitting ads.

    Each store reflects the character of its town. Some are more rustic. Others have been updated with cafes and wine cellars. But the spirit is always the same.

    2. A Piece of History That Still Matters

    General stores in Vermont have been around since the late 1700s and early 1800s. Back then, most towns had one. Some had more. They were places where farmers traded goods, picked up mail, and got updates on local news. Many were the only places within walking or wagon distance to buy flour, lantern oil, or a new pair of boots.

    Over time, these stores became the social centers of small towns. They hosted debates about town budgets, doubled as post offices, and gave people a place to meet in the middle of winter when it felt like the world had gone silent.

    Even today, many Vermont general stores still:

    • Act as postal centers
    • Support local farms and artisans
    • Provide essential supplies during storms
    • Serve as landmarks and gathering spaces

    A few have even been continuously open for over a century. Stores like F.H. Gillingham & Sons in Woodstock are not just shops. They are living history.

    3. Why Vermonters Still Count on Them

    Living in a small Vermont town comes with certain realities. Grocery delivery might not exist. The nearest chain store could be 45 minutes away. When the snow falls fast or the power goes out, the general store becomes your lifeline.

    Here are just a few reasons locals still turn to these stores:

    • Proximity. Many general stores are the only option for miles.
    • Reliability. They stay open during storms, holidays, and blackouts.
    • Familiarity. The person at the register probably knows your name and what kind of bread you like.
    • Community support. Buying from a general store keeps your money in town.
    • Comfort. There’s nothing like getting a hot coffee and a fresh-made breakfast sandwich from a place that feels like home.

    These stores are where people catch up with neighbors, hang out with friends, and pass down traditions.

    4. Why Visitors Love Them Too

    For tourists and out-of-staters, general stores offer a glimpse into the real Vermont. These are not curated experiences designed for photo ops. They are everyday places that feel timeless in the best way.

    Visitors often fall in love with general stores because:

    • They feel genuine. Nothing is staged or overly polished. It just is.
    • They have charm. Vintage cash registers, old advertisements, and handwritten signs feel like stepping into the past.
    • They offer great local products. From maple candy and small-batch hot sauce to handmade crafts, you can find treasures without the crowds.
    • They provide a pause. These stores let you slow down and breathe. No rush. No agenda. Just good food and friendly faces.

    When you visit Vermont, skipping the general store is like going to Paris and avoiding the cafés. You miss the point.

    5. Some Must-Visit Vermont General Stores

    If you’re planning a trip or just want to explore your own backyard, here are some general stores worth the stop.

    The Warren Store (Warren, VT)
    A classic that mixes a full deli, gourmet groceries, boutique shopping, and a porch view of the river.

    F.H. Gillingham & Sons (Woodstock, VT)
    One of the oldest general stores in the state, it sells cheese, wine, maple syrup, dry goods, and a lot of Vermont pride.

    Exterior view of F.H. Gillingham & Sons general store, adorned with holiday lights, against a twilight sky.

    Barnard General Store (Barnard, VT)
    Located next to Silver Lake, this store has become a summer tradition for many. Breakfast sandwiches and coffee on the porch are a must.

    Craftsbury General Store (Craftsbury, VT)
    Community-run and loaded with charm. It stocks fresh baked goods, seasonal produce, and pantry staples.

    Putney General Store (Putney, VT)
    Rebuilt after a fire thanks to donations and community determination. It’s a true comeback story that shows how much these stores mean.

    South Londonderry Village Market (South Londonderry, VT)
    Reopened under local ownership and now offers everything from groceries and wine to soups and sandwiches.

    Best General Stores in Northern Vermont

    Shaw’s General Store (Stowe, VT)
    On Main Street since 1895 and still run by the Shaw family. Expect outdoor clothing, boots, Vermont goods and souvenirs, with original floors and counters. In 1936 part of the store became Stowe’s first ski shop.

    The Willey’s Store (Greensboro, VT)
    Run by the same family since 1900, a few steps from Caspian Lake. Groceries, hardware, clothing and hard-to-find local cheese and beer, all under one roof. If they don’t have it, you probably don’t need it.

    Stores like these are a big part of daily life up here. If you’re curious what living near one is like, see my town guides for Stowe and Morrisville.

    Every one of these places has its own flavor. Visit a few and you’ll start to see the soul of Vermont.

    6. Why General Stores Are Thriving Again

    While many small businesses struggle, general stores are seeing something of a renaissance in Vermont. People want what they offer. Simplicity. Authenticity. Connection.

    Here’s what’s driving the renewed love:

    • A shift toward local. More Vermonters and visitors are choosing to support small businesses over chains.
    • Post-pandemic values. The last few years reminded everyone how valuable nearby, reliable resources are.
    • Revitalization efforts. Younger families and longtime residents are investing in general stores, giving them new life while preserving tradition.
    • More than a store. Many now offer events, art exhibits, or small cafes, making them part of the town’s cultural calendar.

    These aren’t relics. They’re anchors for what’s next.

    7. How You Can Support General Stores in Vermont

    Whether you’re a resident or a traveler, there are easy ways to help general stores stay strong.

    • Shop regularly. Even small purchases go a long way.
    • Buy locally made products. Every bottle of maple syrup or bar of handmade soap supports a second local business.
    • Talk to the staff. They’re usually happy to share town history or offer trail recommendations.
    • Write positive reviews. Mention them online so other travelers can find them.
    • Spread the word. Recommend your favorites to friends and family visiting Vermont.

    Supporting general stores means supporting communities.

    Final Thoughts

    Vermont’s general stores are not just about buying milk and bread. They are about connection. They are about memory. They are about place.

    If you’re new to Vermont, visiting for a weekend, or returning after a long time away, find the closest general store and walk through its door. Let the floor creak under your boots. Breathe in the scent of something baking. Take your time. Talk to someone. Pick up a jar of jam or a loaf of bread or a bar of soap that someone nearby made by hand.

    That’s the real Vermont.

    And if you already have a favorite general store, drop it in the comments. Let’s make sure these places get the love they deserve.